Tuesday, June 7, 2016

Phylogeny, evolution and other facts

Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary relationships between all living  organisms. Taxonomists, scientists who classify living things, use different types of diagrams to display the supposed relationships. These diagrams show how organisms are supposed to have descended from a single ancestor. The diagram come in several forms. The fan diagram show the organisms with respect to their common ancestors and the relative size of the groups. Phylogenetic trees and cladograms are very similar in that they show evolutionary relationships based on various characteristics. There is much debate in taxonomy about what traits to include when doing the analyis. Different relationships come to light depending on which characteristics are given the most weight in the system of classification. Evolutionists assume that they can construct the complete "tree of life" by including as many traits as possible. Evidence from DNA, anatomy, development and fossils are commonly used in the construction of these systems.
A major problem with phylogenetic trees and other related models is the lack of evidence that supports the links between organisms and their supposed fossils relatives. The lines that connect an ancestor to the living organism are mostly imaginary. Very little fossils evidence supports the lines on the diagrams that connect the different kinds of organisms over millions of years, but the lines are often presented as fact. Darwin expected the fossils to show a progression of form, from fish to amphibian, for example, but that progression is missing. The term "missing link"  is often used to refer to these gaps and the missing fossils that supposedly fill them. Whenever you see one of these trees, ask, "What direct evidence supports the lines on the tree?" In some cases there are examples of fossils that fit in the sequence, but the vast majority are missing the evidence. The reliability of such a model is called into question when it is based on so many assumptions.
Creationist disagree with the idea of a "tree of life" as evolutionists sees it- all life originating from a single, unknown, common ancestor. If we consider the created kinds from Genesis, the picture of life would look more like an orchard- distinct groups of animals showing variety within a kind.
Imagine an tree orchard. The trees do not overlap one another or cross one another, representing the limits of variety within the DNA of the created kinds.
While new species have been observed to arise, it is always within the limits of the created kinds. The study of this variability and the relationship of animals within the original created kinds is called baraminology.  This does not mean that creationists reject the majority of classifications by evolutionary biologists but that the evolutionary history associated with the classifications is rejected. More research is needed in the field of baraminology to understand the relationship within the created kinds. This field of research can make specific predictions about the relationships of organisms based on breeding experiments and improve the current understanding of God's divine order.    

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